Real estate ownership from data.gouv.fr (Nov. 2021), Geocoded data from Koumoul.com, UBO data from inpi.fr. Enter name of country, person, company, siren number, street, city, etc… Click on the number in the results to see the full record. Click on the person or company name to see all the records for this person/company. You can also do partial searches with the * joker. Example: @Nom_Patronymique *ov @realestates yes | @parcels yes returns the people having family names ending at OV, who are linked to companies who owns premisses or land plots in France. The Geotag search locates the land plots, but not the real estate like flats. A list of persons of interest with questionable wealth has been established by investigative journalists team and can be seen here.
Premisses: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @batiment_identification_du_local @entree_identification_du_local @niveau_identification_du_local @porte_identification_du_local @ndeg_voirie_adresse_du_local @indice_de_repetition_adresse_du_local @code_voie_majic_adresse_du_local @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_du_local @nature_voie_adresse_du_local @nom_voie_adresse_du_local @code_droit_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_du_local @groupe_personne_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_du_local @denomination_proprietaires_du_local @poi @vip
Parcels: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @ndeg_de_voirie_adresse_parcelle @indice_de_repetition_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_majic_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_parcelle @nature_voie_adresse_parcelle @nom_voie_adresse_parcelle @contenance_caracteristiques_parcelle @suf_evaluation_suf @nature_culture_evaluation_suf @contenance_evaluation_suf @code_droit_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_parcelle @groupe_personne_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_parcelle @denomination_proprietaires_parcelle @realestates @parcels @vip
Geoloc: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Departement @Code Commune @Nom Commune @Adresse @Code parcelle @Code voie rivoli @SUF @Nature culture @Code droit @NMAJIC @NSIREN @Groupe personne @Forme juridique abregee @Denomination @vip
The search MARTIN 1982-09-13 found 160 results
# | Siren | Name | Address | Locaux/Premisses | Parcelles/Land Plots |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1029291 | 321274987 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER DIDIER-ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
1029292 | 321274987 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER DIDIER-ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
1031688 | 824145718 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
1031689 | 824145718 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
1895307 | 529594772 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
le Gall Vincent DoB: 1982-08-09 PoB: 17415 Saintes (17) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Liquidateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
70 rue du Faubourg St Martin 75010 Paris France | ||
1895308 | 529594772 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
le Gall Vincent DoB: 1982-08-09 PoB: 17415 Saintes (17) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
70 rue du Faubourg St Martin 75010 Paris France | ||
2613243 | 807742820 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
SAULLE Eric DoB: 1982-02-09 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
137 Rue Louis Blériot 26300 Chatuzange-le-Goubet France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
2613244 | 807742820 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
SAULLE Eric DoB: 1982-02-09 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
137 Rue Louis Blériot 26300 Chatuzange-le-Goubet France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
11244863 | 321274987 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER DIDIER-ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 Rue Du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
11244864 | 321274987 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER DIDIER-ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 Rue Du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
11246255 | 815080908 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 Rue Du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
11256845 | 824145718 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 Rue Du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
11256846 | 824145718 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 Rue Du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
12600029 | 537566523 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
LEGROS Christophe, Romuald DoB: 1982-08-09 PoB: 76540 Rouen FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
rue du Mont de l'If Fréville 76190 Saint Martin de l'If FRANCE | ||
13484223 | 815080908 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
13484224 | 815080908 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DIDIER ROBERT Juliette Marie Edmonde Guyta DoB: 1982-11-09 PoB: 51454 Reims (51) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé indéfiniment responsable @OCCRP Alef @WC |
13 rue du Village Saint-martin 2400 Château-Thierry France | ||
15657896 | 412763690 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DE SALMON DE LOIRAY SALINESI Daphné Marie Séverine DoB: 1982-12-08 PoB: 33063 Bordeaux (33) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
209 Rue du Faubourg Saint Martin 75019 Paris France | ||
15658516 | 834309817 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DE SALMON DE LOIRAY SALINESI Daphné Marie Séverine DoB: 1982-12-08 PoB: 33063 Bordeaux (33) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
209 Rue Du Faubourg Saint-martin 75010 Paris France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15672167 | 829874619 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BETH Sylvie, Aline, Véronique DoB: 1982-04-26 PoB: 32013 Auch (32) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Impasse de Marescau 32300 Saint-Martin FRANCE | ||
15672168 | 829874619 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BETH Sylvie, Aline, Véronique DoB: 1982-04-26 PoB: 32013 Auch (32) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé indéfiniment responsable @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Impasse de Marescau 32300 Saint-Martin FRANCE | ||
15674562 | 889822474 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
Housseau Ulrich Antoine Emile DoB: 1982-01-12 PoB: 60057 Beauvais (60) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
30 rue de Champ Morin Etables 86170 Saint-Martin-la-Pallu France | ||
15674563 | 889822474 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
Housseau Ulrich Antoine Emile DoB: 1982-01-12 PoB: 60057 Beauvais (60) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
30 rue de Champ Morin Etables 86170 Saint-Martin-la-Pallu France | ||
15682254 | 301169645 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
FAURE Jean-Michel Pascal DoB: 1982-04-10 PoB: 84087 Orange (84) France P.Physique Quality: administrateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Quartier Saint-Martin 84420 Piolenc France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15685577 | 842169880 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
SIBEUD Jean-Christophe Bruno Eugène DoB: 1982-05-02 PoB: 38416 Saint-Marcellin (38) France P.Physique Quality: président @OCCRP Alef @WC |
1 Chemin de la Cure 26190 Saint-Martin-le-Colonel France | ||
15688747 | 381224393 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
SABLIERES ET CARRIERES DU BESSIN DoB: 663820827 PoB: P. Morale UBO Quality: membre @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Quai de Normandie 14000 Caen France | ||
15689776 | 889368197 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
GERVAIS Sébastien Christian Laurent DoB: 1982-08-26 PoB: 76341 Harfleur (76) France P.Physique Quality: président @OCCRP Alef @WC |
1 Route du Stade 76133 Saint-Martin-du-Bec France | ||
15691453 | 324592807 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
Wilsford Caroline DoB: 03/06/1985 PoB: Paris FRANCE P. Physiqu Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
140 rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin 75010 Paris France | ||
15692682 | 790760706 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
Martin Nicolas Louis Albert DoB: 22/11/1982 PoB: Neuilly-sur-Seine FRANCE P. Physiqu Quality: Président @OCCRP Alef @WC |
37 avenue des Ternes 75017 Paris France | ||
15697523 | 812345056 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
Su Shaowu DoB: 12/01/1982 PoB: Zhejiang CHINE P. Physiqu Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
90 rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin 75010 Paris France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15731779 | 483349171 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
AUBIN Pascal Denis DoB: 1982-08-11 PoB: 97801 Saint-Martin (971) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Lieu-dit Grand Fond 97133 Saint-Barthélemy France | ||
15750288 | 305800914 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
RAIMONDO Philippe Fernand Michel DoB: 1982-02-05 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: président du conseil d'administration @OCCRP Alef @WC |
75 Avenue de la République 38170 Seyssinet-Pariset France | ||
15750290 | 305800914 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
RAIMONDO Philippe Fernand Michel DoB: 1982-02-05 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: administrateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
75 Avenue de la République 38170 Seyssinet-Pariset France | ||
15750374 | 315385302 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
MANCA GUILIANI Aurélie DoB: 1982-10-05 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: directeur général @OCCRP Alef @WC |
5 Impasse des Anémones 38160 Saint-Sauveur France | ||
15751174 | 392403796 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
LE PAUMIER Caroline Anna Itria DoB: 1982-01-07 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
1 B Rue du Mas 38120 Fontanil-Cornillon France | ||
15751287 | 401317656 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
CUCCHETTO Stéphanie Anne Gemnia DoB: 1982-12-20 PoB: 38516 La Tronche (38) France P.Physique Quality: administrateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
855 Chemin de l'Etoile 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin France | ||
15751607 | 424495307 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DARGENT Manon Mathilde DoB: 1982-12-28 PoB: 38185 Grenoble (38) France P.Physique Quality: administrateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
350 Rue Général de Gaulle 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin France | ||
15752162 | 482471109 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BABAT Céline Sandrine DoB: 1982-01-28 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
11 Rue Charles et René Auffray 92110 Clichy France | ||
15752785 | 522453422 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
VOUT Nicolas Patrice Paul Marcel DoB: 1982-03-02 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
11 Rue de la Chancelière 38120 Fontanil-Cornillon France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15752786 | 522453422 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
VOUT Nicolas Patrice Paul Marcel DoB: 1982-03-02 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
11 Rue de la Chancelière 38120 Fontanil-Cornillon France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15753793 | 803056324 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
INGOLD INGOLD-PLASSOT Pauline DoB: 1982-04-03 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
144 Chemin de la Chenevarie 38250 Lans-en-Vercors France | ||
15753826 | 803056324 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BETHOUX Perrine Valérie Fabienne DoB: 1982-03-24 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Les Grangeons 38112 Autrans-Méaudre-en-Vercors France | ||
15754216 | 819053372 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
FIORETTI Edith Valérie DoB: 1982-03-05 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
4 Rue Champ Rochas 38240 Meylan France | ||
15754301 | 824267355 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
FIORETTI Edith Valérie DoB: 1982-03-05 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
26 Rue Champ Rocher 38240 Meylan France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15754476 | 831079512 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
DREVET Virginie Sylvie DoB: 1982-11-10 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
506 Route Départementale 30 38330 Saint-Ismier France | ||
15754634 | 840109177 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
CHARREL Thomas Ernest DoB: 1982-12-08 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
5 Allée des Peupliers 1390 Mionnay France | ||
15755010 | 880418033 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
MOULET Jean-Sébastien Dominique Gilbert DoB: 1982-08-19 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: président @OCCRP Alef @WC |
8 Rue Thiers 38000 Grenoble France | ||
15755477 | 889872321 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
KEBABI Mohamed Habib DoB: 1982-07-04 PoB: 69149 Oullins (69) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
66 Route des Semaises 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin France | ||
15755480 | 889872321 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
KEBABI Mohamed Habib DoB: 1982-07-04 PoB: 69149 Oullins (69) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
66 Route des Semaises 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin France | ||
15755530 | 890019862 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
POULET Thibault Benjamin DoB: 1982-10-19 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
12 Rue Belgrade 38000 Grenoble France | ||
15759043 | 802084095 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
LEGRAND Fabien Roger Antoine DoB: 1982-01-24 PoB: 02722 Soissons (02) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
1 rue Saint-Martin 2000 Pargny Filain France | ||
15759044 | 802084095 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
LEGRAND Fabien Roger Antoine DoB: 1982-01-24 PoB: 02722 Soissons (02) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé unique @OCCRP Alef @WC |
1 rue Saint-Martin 2000 Pargny Filain France | ||
15791320 | 889956074 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
TALVAST Julien, Claude, Gérard DoB: 1982-11-07 PoB: 14118 Caen (14) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé indéfiniment responsable @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Le Clos Martin 914 Avenue du Brusc 83140 Six-Fours-les-Plages FRANCE | ||
15791331 | 890001977 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
TALVAST Julien, Claude, Gérard DoB: 1982-11-07 PoB: 14118 Caen (14) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé indéfiniment responsable @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Le Clos Martin 914 Avenue du Brusc 83140 Six-Fours-les-Plages FRANCE | ||
15812999 | 452611072 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
NACER-CHERIF Mehdi DoB: 1982-01-15 PoB: 30007 Alès (30) France P.Physique Quality: Associé @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Chemin de la Coste 30520 Saint-Martin-de-Valgalgues France | yes @Cadastre @Geotag |
|
15819678 | 522890797 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BOURDON Julien DoB: 1982-06-08 PoB: 89387 Sens (89) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Associé unique @OCCRP Alef @WC |
14 Lieu-Dit Les Joigneaux 89100 Saint-Martin-du-Tertre FRANCE | ||
15819679 | 522890797 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
BOURDON Julien DoB: 1982-06-08 PoB: 89387 Sens (89) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Liquidateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
14 Lieu-Dit Les Joigneaux 89100 Saint-Martin-du-Tertre FRANCE | ||
15828565 | 830077350 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
OFFREDI Alice Clarisse DoB: 1982-05-31 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) FRANCE P.Physique Quality: Administrateur @OCCRP Alef @WC |
lieu-dit Villarabout 369 Avenue de la Renette 73440 LES BELLEVILLE FRANCE | ||
15838244 | 822229993 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
VERNIN Jean-Nicolas Eugène DoB: 1982-02-24 PoB: 92051 Neuilly-sur-Seine (92) France P.Physique Quality: président @OCCRP Alef @WC |
237 Rue Saint-Martin 75003 Paris France | ||
16030135 | 813825072 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
ALAIN Michaël Joseph DoB: 1982-12-10 PoB: 38421 Saint-Martin-d'Hères (38) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
720 Chemin de la Cloître 26750 Montmiral France | ||
16114813 | 790868038 @Company @Persons @UBO @INPI |
MARTIN Thomas Charles DoB: 1982-12-09 PoB: 84035 Cavaillon (84) France P.Physique Quality: gérant @OCCRP Alef @WC |
Route de Beau Soleil 97141 Vieux-Fort France |
Financial support for this project is provided by Transborder Corruption Archives TBCArchives.org and OCCRP
Investigations using this database:
International:
OCCRP and partners:
Russia:
Ukraine:
ФІРТАШ МАЄ ВИНОРОБНИЙ БІЗНЕС У ФРАНЦІЇ ЗА 7,6 МІЛЬЙОНІВ ЄВРО
Bulgaria:
Бившият шеф на енергетиката Милко Ковачев с имот в Биариц
Howto: Find the real estate owned by a French company
- Do a search by person or UBO or company and locate the persons tagged with Land plots or Premisses. The search operator @realestates yes | @parcels yes in the Persons search will limit the search to those having a land plot or premisses.
- Click on @Geotag to locate the land plots on the map. Detailed cadastral information is available in @Locaux/Premises or @Parcelles/Land Plots.
- Locate the Department (two digits) the Place, the two letters Section and the four digits Parcel N°. Exemple: AA 0011. This information is also available in the Parcel Code in Geotag. The first 5 digits of the Parcel Code are the post code and the last letters/digits are the Section and Parcel N° (ex: 302580000D0143 means post code 30258 ST GILLES CAVALES and last 5 symbols are the Section D and the parcel N° 143).
- Go to https://www.cadastre.gouv.fr/scpc/accueil.do, Select English and click on “Search by cadastral reference instead”.
- Fill the place, the post code, select the department number from the drop down menu, fill the Section and the Parcel N° with the three last digits only. Click on Search
- If there is a result the system will give a link to show the parcel on the map. You can zoom on the map and match it with Google Maps.