BIRD.BG FRESTATE

Real estate ownership from data.gouv.fr (Nov. 2021), Geocoded data from Koumoul.com, UBO data from inpi.fr. Enter name of country, person, company, siren number, street, city, etc… Click on the number in the results to see the full record. Click on the person or company name to see all the records for this person/company. You can also do partial searches with the * joker. Example: @Nom_Patronymique *ov @realestates yes | @parcels yes returns the people having family names ending at OV, who are linked to companies who owns premisses or land plots in France. The Geotag search locates the land plots, but not the real estate like flats. A list of persons of interest with questionable wealth has been established by investigative journalists team and can be seen here.

Persons: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Nom_Greffe @Numero_Gestion @Siren @Type @Nom_Patronymique @Nom_Usage @Pseudonyme @Prenoms @Denomination @Forme_Juridique @Adresse_Ligne1 @Adresse_Ligne2 @Adresse_Ligne3 @Ville @Code_Commune @Pays @Date_Naissance @Ville_Naissance @Pays_Naissance @Nationalite @Qualite @Rep_Perm_Nom @Rep_Perm_Nom_Usage @Rep_Perm_Prénoms @Rep_Perm_Date_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Ville_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Pays_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Nationalité @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne1 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne2 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne3 @Rep_Perm_Ville @Rep_Perm_Pays @date_greffe @Libelle_Evt @filename @department @rep_date @realestates @parcels @ubo @poi @vip
Premisses: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @batiment_identification_du_local @entree_identification_du_local @niveau_identification_du_local @porte_identification_du_local @ndeg_voirie_adresse_du_local @indice_de_repetition_adresse_du_local @code_voie_majic_adresse_du_local @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_du_local @nature_voie_adresse_du_local @nom_voie_adresse_du_local @code_droit_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_du_local @groupe_personne_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_du_local @denomination_proprietaires_du_local @poi @vip
Parcels: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @ndeg_de_voirie_adresse_parcelle @indice_de_repetition_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_majic_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_parcelle @nature_voie_adresse_parcelle @nom_voie_adresse_parcelle @contenance_caracteristiques_parcelle @suf_evaluation_suf @nature_culture_evaluation_suf @contenance_evaluation_suf @code_droit_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_parcelle @groupe_personne_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_parcelle @denomination_proprietaires_parcelle @realestates @parcels @vip
Geoloc: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Departement @Code Commune @Nom Commune @Adresse @Code parcelle @Code voie rivoli @SUF @Nature culture @Code droit @NMAJIC @NSIREN @Groupe personne @Forme juridique abregee @Denomination @vip

Countries: 1941-10-03 1952-02-25 1954-06-25 1961-10-08 1975-08-27 1977-01-13 1986-03-16 32400 Riscle ABU DHABI AFGHANISTAN AFRIQUE Afrique du Sud Albanie Algerie Allemagne Andorre Angleterre ANGOLA ANGUILLA ANTIGUA ET BARBUDA Antigua-Et-Barbuda ANTILLE NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES (C APATRIDE ARABIE SAOUDITE Argentine Arménie AUSTRALIE AUTRES PAYS Autriche AZERBAIDJAN Bahamas Bahreïn Bangladesh BARBADE BELARUS Belgique Belize BELIZE (Ex HONDURAS BRITA BENIN Bermudes BIELORUSSIE BOLIVIE Bosnie-Herzegovine Botswana Brésil Brésilienne Brunei BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Bulgarie BURKINA Burkina Faso Burundi CAIMANES (ILES) CAIMANS (ILES) Cambodge CAMBODGE (Ex KAMPUCHEA) Cameroun Canada CAP-VERT Centrafricaine (Republiqu CHILI Chine Chypre Colombie Comores Congo CONGO BRAZZAVILLE (REPUBL CONGO KINSHASA (REPUBLIQU Congo-Kinshasa (Rép. Démo COREE (REP. POP. DEMOCRAT COREE (REPUBLIQUE DE) Corée du Nord COREE DU NORD (REPUBLIQUE Corée du Sud COREE DU SUD (REPUBLIQUE COSTA RICA COTE D'IVOIRE Croatie Cuba Danemark Djibouti DOMINICAINE (REPUBLIQUE) DOMINIQUE DUBAI Egypte EL SALVADOR Emirats arabes unis EQUATEUR Espagne ESTONIE Etats Unis D'Amerique Etats-Unis Etats-Unis d'Amérique Ethiopie Fidji Finlande France FRANCE METROPOLITAINE Gabon Gambie GEORGIE Ghana GIBRALTAR GRECE Grenade GUADELOUPE GUADELOUPE (DEPARTEMENT) GUATEMALA Guinee GUINEE EQUATORIALE GUINEE-BISSAU Guyana GUYANE FRANÇAISE HAITI HONDURAS Hong Kong Hong-Kong HONGRIE ILE DE MAN ILE MAURICE ILES MINEURES ELOIGNEES D ILES SALOMON Iles Vierges (Britaniques ILES VIERGES (BRITANNIQUE ILES VIERGES (USA) ILES VIERGES BRITANNIQUES ILES WALLIS ET FUTUNA Inconnu INCONNU (NE PAS AFFICHER) Inde Indonésie IRAK Iran Iraq Irlande IRLANDE, OU EIRE Islande Israël Italie Jamaïque Japon Jersey Jordanie Kazakhstan Kenya Kirghizistan Kosovo Koweït LA REUNION Laos LAOS (REP. DEMOCRATIQUE P LAOS (RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRAT Lesotho Lettonie LIBAN LIBERIA Libye Liechtenstein LITUANIE londres Luxembourg MACAO MACEDOINE Madagascar MALAISIE MALDIVES MALI Malte Mariannes du Nord (îles) Maroc Marshall (Iles) MARTINIQUE MARTINIQUE (DEPARTEMENT) Maurice Mauritanie MAYOTTE Mexique Moldavie MOLDAVIE (REPUBLIQUE DE) MOLDOVA (REPUBLIQUE DE) MONACO Mongolie MONTENEGRO MONTENEGRO (REPUBLIQUE) Mozambique MYANMAR MYANMAR (Ex BIRMANIE) Namibie NEPAL NICARAGUA Niger NIGERIA NORVEGE NOUVELLE CALEDONIE Nouvelle Zelande NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE Nouvelle-Zélande OMAN Ouganda Ouzbekistan PAKISTAN Palestine Panama Paraguay PAYS BAS PAYS-BAS Pérou PHILIPPINES Pologne POLYNESIE FRANCAISE PORTO RICO Portugal Qatar République centrafricaine Republique Democratique C République démocratique d République dominicaine REPUBLIQUE DU CAP VERT REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO REPUBLIQUE SLOVAQUE République Tchèque REUNION (DEPARTEMENT) ROUMANIE ROYAUME UNI Royaume-Uni Russie RUSSIE (FEDERATION DE) RWANDA SAINT-BARTHELEMY Saint-Christophe-et-Niévè Saint-Marin SAINT-VINCENT ET GRENADIN SAINT-VINCENT-ET-LES-GREN SAINTE HELENE SAINTE-LUCIE SÉNÉGAL SERBIE SERBIE DE (REPUBLIQUE) SERBIE ET MONTENEGRO Serbie-Et-Monténégro Seychelles SEYCHELLES ET DEPENDANCES SHARJAH SIERRA LEONE Singapour SLOVAQUIE Slovénie Somalie SOUDAN SRI LANKA Suède Suisse Swaziland SYRIE SYRIENNE (REPUBLIQUE ARAB Tadjikistan Taiwan Taïwan (province de Chine Tanzanie Tchad Tchécoslovaquie Tcheque (Republique) TCHEQUIE Thaïlande TIMOR ORIENTAL Togo Trinite Et Tobago TRINITE-ET-TOBAGO Tunisie Turkmenistan Turquie U.R.S.S. UKRAINE UNION EUROPEENNE URSS Uruguay US Vanuatu VANUATU (ANC NLLES HEBRID VATICAN (SAINT-SIEGE) Venezuela VIERGES BRITANNIQUES (ILE Viêt Nam VIETNAM Yemen YOUGOSLAVIE ZAIRE ZAMBIE Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE (Ex RHODESIE)

UBO Citizenships: -AFGHANEALBANAISEALGERIENNEALLEMANDALLEMANDEAMERICAINEAMERICAINE (ETATS UNIS)ANDORRANEANGLAISANGLAISEAPATRIDEARGENTINEARMENIENNEAUSTRALIENNEAUTRICHIENNEAZERBAIDJANAISEBAHREINIENNEBELGEBENINOISEBIELORUSSEBosniaqueBRESILIENNEBRITANIQUEBRITANNIQUEBULGARECAMBODGIENNECAMEROUNAISECANADIENNECentrafricaineChilienneChinoiseCHYPRIOTECOLOMBIENNECOMORIENNECONGOLAISECoreenneCOSTARICAINECroateDANOISEdes Émirats arabes unisdu BruneiEGYPTIENNEEMIRIENNEEQUATORIENNEESPAGNOLEESTONIENNEFFANCAISEFinlandaiseFRAFRANCAISFRANCAISEFRANCAISE ET SUISSEFRANCAISE/BRITANNIQUEGRECQUEHAITIENNEHOLLANDAISEHONG KONGHong-KongHONGROISEIndienneINDONESIENNEIRANIENNEIRLANDAISEIslandaiseISRAELIENNEITALIENNEIVOIRIENNEJaponaiseJORDANIENNEKazakheKOWEITIENNELIBANAISELibyenneLITUANIENNELUXLUXEMBOURGEOISEMALAISIENNEMalgacheMALIENNEMALTAISEMAROCAINEMAURICIENNEMEXICAINEMOLDAVEMonégasqueMONGOLENEERLANDAISNEERLANDAISEnéo ZélandaiseNEW-ZELANDAISNORVEGIENNEPAKISTANAISEPANAMEENNEPHILIPPINEPOLONAISEPortugaiseQATARIENNEROUMAINERusseSAOUDIENNESénégalaiseSERBESINGAPOURIENNESIUSSESLOVAQUESRI-LANKAISESud-AfricaineSUD-COREENNESUEDOISESUISSESyrienneTADJIKETAIWANAISTBCTCHEQUETHAILANDAISETOGOLAISETrinidadienneTUNISIENNETURQUEUKRAINIENNEVENEZUELIENNEVietnamienneYéméniteYOUGOSLAVE

The search 38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG found 34 results

#	Company	Address	REF Geotag
7804471	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0022 Surface: 82 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537516, 5.669353
7804478	ASSOCIATION RESPONSABLE DU LYCEE PRIVE DU GUIERS VAL D AINAN ASS 420119406 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0043 Surface: 244 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537356, 5.670020
7804479	ASS POUR ENSEIGNEMENT EDUCATION CULTURE POP OEUVRES SOCIALES U22531173 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0043 Surface: 244 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537356, 5.670020
7804487	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0083 Surface: 800 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536607, 5.670028
7804490	ASS POUR ENSEIGNEMENT EDUCATION CULTURE POP OEUVRES SOCIALES U22657518 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0006, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0103 Surface: 534 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536864, 5.668987
7804491	ORGANISME GESTION ECOLE CATHOLIQUE JEANNE D ARC ASS U22527712 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0006, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0103 Surface: 534 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536864, 5.668987
7804492	ASS POUR ENSEIGNEMENT EDUCATION CULTURE POP OEUVRES SOCIALES U22657518 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0006, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0104 Surface: 1854 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537074, 5.669217
7804493	ORGANISME GESTION ECOLE CATHOLIQUE JEANNE D ARC ASS U22527712 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0006, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0104 Surface: 1854 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537074, 5.669217
7804494	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0005, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0119 Surface: 54 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536420, 5.668622
7804496	SCI DU FAUBOURG SCI 401726062 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0001, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0121 Surface: 258 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536300, 5.668617
7804503	REGIE BOCHARD SA U23763321 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN 0004, RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0172 Surface: 1557 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536600, 5.669230
7804505	ASS POUR ENSEIGNEMENT EDUCATION CULTURE POP OEUVRES SOCIALES U22657518 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0187 Surface: 14 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537144, 5.670263
7804517	SKI CLUB DU GUIERS ASS U22532118 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0211 Surface: 210 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537653, 5.669638
7804518	SKI CLUB DU GUIERS ASS U22532118 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0212 Surface: 37 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537579, 5.669472
7804519	SYND INTERDEP MIXTE EAUX ASSAINISSEMENT GUIERS AINAN SYMC 253801476 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0213 Surface: 160 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.537584, 5.669528
7804520	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN RUE DU BOURG NEUF	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AD0214 Surface: 2164 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.536379, 5.669203
7804547	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0024 Surface: 300 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535370, 5.669345
7804551	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0052 Surface: 148 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535952, 5.670239
7804554	LE SYNDICAT DES COPROPRIETAIRES SYCO U22601524 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0055 Surface: 56 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535985, 5.670545
7804561	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0091 Surface: 74 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535338, 5.672043
7804565	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0098 Surface: 25 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535701, 5.672363
7804570	SCI DU COURS SCI U22665135 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0113 Surface: 160 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535166, 5.671342
7804571	LES MARMOTTES SCI 819496274 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0113 Surface: 160 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535166, 5.671342
7804578	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0131 Surface: 5 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.535010, 5.670702
7804580	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0136 Surface: 1225 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534460, 5.670421
7804581	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0137 Surface: 937 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534174, 5.670320
7804582	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0140 Surface: 115 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534181, 5.669870
7804585	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0143 Surface: 298 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534466, 5.669598
7804591	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0175 Surface: 68 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534564, 5.673380
7804607	PONTOISE SCI 448777672 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0312 Surface: 64 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534404, 5.670733
7804609	COMMUNE DU PONT DE BEAUVOISIN COM 213803158 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0322 Surface: 114 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534597, 5.673494
7804614	PONTOISE SCI 448777672 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0373 Surface: 45 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 45.534524, 5.670872
7804634	BALDI SCI 382269520 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0457 Surface: 1946 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 0.000000, 0.000000
7804635	BALDI SCI 382269520 @Company @Persons	38315 LE PONT-DE-BEAUVOISIN LE BOURG	Department: 38 Parcel Code: 38315000AE0457 Surface: 1946 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 0.000000, 0.000000

Financial support for this project is provided by Transborder Corruption Archives TBCArchives.org and OCCRP

Investigations using this database:

International:

OCCRP and partners:

Russian Asset Tracker

The Luxury French Real Estate of Alleged Latin American Money Launderers and Officials Accused of Corruption

Russia:

Сен-Жан-Кап-Ферра наш. Как видные россияне заселили один из самых роскошных курортов мира на Лазурном берегу Франции

Ukraine:

ФІРТАШ МАЄ ВИНОРОБНИЙ БІЗНЕС У ФРАНЦІЇ ЗА 7,6 МІЛЬЙОНІВ ЄВРО

Bulgaria:

Топлофикация – Франция: Как шефка на “топлото” в Перник даде 6.5 милиона заем на тъста на Ковачки за вила на Лазурния бряг

Бившият шеф на енергетиката Милко Ковачев с имот в Биариц

Howto: Find the real estate owned by a French company

Do a search by person or UBO or company and locate the persons tagged with Land plots or Premisses. The search operator @realestates yes | @parcels yes in the Persons search will limit the search to those having a land plot or premisses.
Click on @Geotag to locate the land plots on the map. Detailed cadastral information is available in @Locaux/Premises or @Parcelles/Land Plots.
Locate the Department (two digits) the Place, the two letters Section and the four digits Parcel N°. Exemple: AA 0011. This information is also available in the Parcel Code in Geotag. The first 5 digits of the Parcel Code are the post code and the last letters/digits are the Section and Parcel N° (ex: 302580000D0143 means post code 30258 ST GILLES CAVALES and last 5 symbols are the Section D and the parcel N° 143).
Go to https://www.cadastre.gouv.fr/scpc/accueil.do, Select English and click on “Search by cadastral reference instead”.
Fill the place, the post code, select the department number from the drop down menu, fill the Section and the Parcel N° with the three last digits only. Click on Search
If there is a result the system will give a link to show the parcel on the map. You can zoom on the map and match it with Google Maps.