BIRD.BG FRESTATE

Real estate ownership from data.gouv.fr (Nov. 2021), Geocoded data from Koumoul.com, UBO data from inpi.fr. Enter name of country, person, company, siren number, street, city, etc… Click on the number in the results to see the full record. Click on the person or company name to see all the records for this person/company. You can also do partial searches with the * joker. Example: @Nom_Patronymique *ov @realestates yes | @parcels yes returns the people having family names ending at OV, who are linked to companies who owns premisses or land plots in France. The Geotag search locates the land plots, but not the real estate like flats. A list of persons of interest with questionable wealth has been established by investigative journalists team and can be seen here.

Persons: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Nom_Greffe @Numero_Gestion @Siren @Type @Nom_Patronymique @Nom_Usage @Pseudonyme @Prenoms @Denomination @Forme_Juridique @Adresse_Ligne1 @Adresse_Ligne2 @Adresse_Ligne3 @Ville @Code_Commune @Pays @Date_Naissance @Ville_Naissance @Pays_Naissance @Nationalite @Qualite @Rep_Perm_Nom @Rep_Perm_Nom_Usage @Rep_Perm_Prénoms @Rep_Perm_Date_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Ville_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Pays_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Nationalité @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne1 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne2 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne3 @Rep_Perm_Ville @Rep_Perm_Pays @date_greffe @Libelle_Evt @filename @department @rep_date @realestates @parcels @ubo @poi @vip
Premisses: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @batiment_identification_du_local @entree_identification_du_local @niveau_identification_du_local @porte_identification_du_local @ndeg_voirie_adresse_du_local @indice_de_repetition_adresse_du_local @code_voie_majic_adresse_du_local @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_du_local @nature_voie_adresse_du_local @nom_voie_adresse_du_local @code_droit_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_du_local @groupe_personne_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_du_local @denomination_proprietaires_du_local @poi @vip
Parcels: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @ndeg_de_voirie_adresse_parcelle @indice_de_repetition_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_majic_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_parcelle @nature_voie_adresse_parcelle @nom_voie_adresse_parcelle @contenance_caracteristiques_parcelle @suf_evaluation_suf @nature_culture_evaluation_suf @contenance_evaluation_suf @code_droit_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_parcelle @groupe_personne_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_parcelle @denomination_proprietaires_parcelle @realestates @parcels @vip
Geoloc: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Departement @Code Commune @Nom Commune @Adresse @Code parcelle @Code voie rivoli @SUF @Nature culture @Code droit @NMAJIC @NSIREN @Groupe personne @Forme juridique abregee @Denomination @vip

Countries: 1941-10-03 1952-02-25 1954-06-25 1961-10-08 1975-08-27 1977-01-13 1986-03-16 32400 Riscle ABU DHABI AFGHANISTAN AFRIQUE Afrique du Sud Albanie Algerie Allemagne Andorre Angleterre ANGOLA ANGUILLA ANTIGUA ET BARBUDA Antigua-Et-Barbuda ANTILLE NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES (C APATRIDE ARABIE SAOUDITE Argentine Arménie AUSTRALIE AUTRES PAYS Autriche AZERBAIDJAN Bahamas Bahreïn Bangladesh BARBADE BELARUS Belgique Belize BELIZE (Ex HONDURAS BRITA BENIN Bermudes BIELORUSSIE BOLIVIE Bosnie-Herzegovine Botswana Brésil Brésilienne Brunei BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Bulgarie BURKINA Burkina Faso Burundi CAIMANES (ILES) CAIMANS (ILES) Cambodge CAMBODGE (Ex KAMPUCHEA) Cameroun Canada CAP-VERT Centrafricaine (Republiqu CHILI Chine Chypre Colombie Comores Congo CONGO BRAZZAVILLE (REPUBL CONGO KINSHASA (REPUBLIQU Congo-Kinshasa (Rép. Démo COREE (REP. POP. DEMOCRAT COREE (REPUBLIQUE DE) Corée du Nord COREE DU NORD (REPUBLIQUE Corée du Sud COREE DU SUD (REPUBLIQUE COSTA RICA COTE D'IVOIRE Croatie Cuba Danemark Djibouti DOMINICAINE (REPUBLIQUE) DOMINIQUE DUBAI Egypte EL SALVADOR Emirats arabes unis EQUATEUR Espagne ESTONIE Etats Unis D'Amerique Etats-Unis Etats-Unis d'Amérique Ethiopie Fidji Finlande France FRANCE METROPOLITAINE Gabon Gambie GEORGIE Ghana GIBRALTAR GRECE Grenade GUADELOUPE GUADELOUPE (DEPARTEMENT) GUATEMALA Guinee GUINEE EQUATORIALE GUINEE-BISSAU Guyana GUYANE FRANÇAISE HAITI HONDURAS Hong Kong Hong-Kong HONGRIE ILE DE MAN ILE MAURICE ILES MINEURES ELOIGNEES D ILES SALOMON Iles Vierges (Britaniques ILES VIERGES (BRITANNIQUE ILES VIERGES (USA) ILES VIERGES BRITANNIQUES ILES WALLIS ET FUTUNA Inconnu INCONNU (NE PAS AFFICHER) Inde Indonésie IRAK Iran Iraq Irlande IRLANDE, OU EIRE Islande Israël Italie Jamaïque Japon Jersey Jordanie Kazakhstan Kenya Kirghizistan Kosovo Koweït LA REUNION Laos LAOS (REP. DEMOCRATIQUE P LAOS (RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRAT Lesotho Lettonie LIBAN LIBERIA Libye Liechtenstein LITUANIE londres Luxembourg MACAO MACEDOINE Madagascar MALAISIE MALDIVES MALI Malte Mariannes du Nord (îles) Maroc Marshall (Iles) MARTINIQUE MARTINIQUE (DEPARTEMENT) Maurice Mauritanie MAYOTTE Mexique Moldavie MOLDAVIE (REPUBLIQUE DE) MOLDOVA (REPUBLIQUE DE) MONACO Mongolie MONTENEGRO MONTENEGRO (REPUBLIQUE) Mozambique MYANMAR MYANMAR (Ex BIRMANIE) Namibie NEPAL NICARAGUA Niger NIGERIA NORVEGE NOUVELLE CALEDONIE Nouvelle Zelande NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE Nouvelle-Zélande OMAN Ouganda Ouzbekistan PAKISTAN Palestine Panama Paraguay PAYS BAS PAYS-BAS Pérou PHILIPPINES Pologne POLYNESIE FRANCAISE PORTO RICO Portugal Qatar République centrafricaine Republique Democratique C République démocratique d République dominicaine REPUBLIQUE DU CAP VERT REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO REPUBLIQUE SLOVAQUE République Tchèque REUNION (DEPARTEMENT) ROUMANIE ROYAUME UNI Royaume-Uni Russie RUSSIE (FEDERATION DE) RWANDA SAINT-BARTHELEMY Saint-Christophe-et-Niévè Saint-Marin SAINT-VINCENT ET GRENADIN SAINT-VINCENT-ET-LES-GREN SAINTE HELENE SAINTE-LUCIE SÉNÉGAL SERBIE SERBIE DE (REPUBLIQUE) SERBIE ET MONTENEGRO Serbie-Et-Monténégro Seychelles SEYCHELLES ET DEPENDANCES SHARJAH SIERRA LEONE Singapour SLOVAQUIE Slovénie Somalie SOUDAN SRI LANKA Suède Suisse Swaziland SYRIE SYRIENNE (REPUBLIQUE ARAB Tadjikistan Taiwan Taïwan (province de Chine Tanzanie Tchad Tchécoslovaquie Tcheque (Republique) TCHEQUIE Thaïlande TIMOR ORIENTAL Togo Trinite Et Tobago TRINITE-ET-TOBAGO Tunisie Turkmenistan Turquie U.R.S.S. UKRAINE UNION EUROPEENNE URSS Uruguay US Vanuatu VANUATU (ANC NLLES HEBRID VATICAN (SAINT-SIEGE) Venezuela VIERGES BRITANNIQUES (ILE Viêt Nam VIETNAM Yemen YOUGOSLAVIE ZAIRE ZAMBIE Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE (Ex RHODESIE)

UBO Citizenships: -AFGHANEALBANAISEALGERIENNEALLEMANDALLEMANDEAMERICAINEAMERICAINE (ETATS UNIS)ANDORRANEANGLAISANGLAISEAPATRIDEARGENTINEARMENIENNEAUSTRALIENNEAUTRICHIENNEAZERBAIDJANAISEBAHREINIENNEBELGEBENINOISEBIELORUSSEBosniaqueBRESILIENNEBRITANIQUEBRITANNIQUEBULGARECAMBODGIENNECAMEROUNAISECANADIENNECentrafricaineChilienneChinoiseCHYPRIOTECOLOMBIENNECOMORIENNECONGOLAISECoreenneCOSTARICAINECroateDANOISEdes Émirats arabes unisdu BruneiEGYPTIENNEEMIRIENNEEQUATORIENNEESPAGNOLEESTONIENNEFFANCAISEFinlandaiseFRAFRANCAISFRANCAISEFRANCAISE ET SUISSEFRANCAISE/BRITANNIQUEGRECQUEHAITIENNEHOLLANDAISEHONG KONGHong-KongHONGROISEIndienneINDONESIENNEIRANIENNEIRLANDAISEIslandaiseISRAELIENNEITALIENNEIVOIRIENNEJaponaiseJORDANIENNEKazakheKOWEITIENNELIBANAISELibyenneLITUANIENNELUXLUXEMBOURGEOISEMALAISIENNEMalgacheMALIENNEMALTAISEMAROCAINEMAURICIENNEMEXICAINEMOLDAVEMonégasqueMONGOLENEERLANDAISNEERLANDAISEnéo ZélandaiseNEW-ZELANDAISNORVEGIENNEPAKISTANAISEPANAMEENNEPHILIPPINEPOLONAISEPortugaiseQATARIENNEROUMAINERusseSAOUDIENNESénégalaiseSERBESINGAPOURIENNESIUSSESLOVAQUESRI-LANKAISESud-AfricaineSUD-COREENNESUEDOISESUISSESyrienneTADJIKETAIWANAISTBCTCHEQUETHAILANDAISETOGOLAISETrinidadienneTUNISIENNETURQUEUKRAINIENNEVENEZUELIENNEVietnamienneYéméniteYOUGOSLAVE

The search 51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART found 37 results

#	Company	Address	REF Geotag
10125682	SCI DE LA LIBERATION SCI 753596592 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0002 Surface: 3660 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.383058, 4.038844
10125683	SCI DE LA LIBERATION SCI 753596592 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0005 Surface: 1740 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.382895, 4.041420
10125684	SCI DE LA LIBERATION SCI 753596592 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0006 Surface: 9280 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.382512, 4.039729
10125685	SCI DE LA LIBERATION SCI 753596592 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0007 Surface: 9824 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.382466, 4.039977
10125686	SCI DE LA LIBERATION SCI 753596592 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0008 Surface: 10860 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.382176, 4.040065
10125687	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0009 Surface: 62590 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.381968, 4.042233
10125688	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0009 Surface: 62590 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.381968, 4.042233
10125694	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0406 Surface: 6 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.380605, 4.038182
10125697	GAIA SCEA 811177872 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 510250000A0430 Surface: 7038 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.379653, 4.039015
10125722	ARCH SCI 450886593 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0020 Surface: 555 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385603, 4.040845
10125723	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0054 Surface: 1063 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384502, 4.041000
10125726	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0081 Surface: 2745 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384989, 4.041545
10125727	ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE SA 552081317 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0123 Surface: 30 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385954, 4.040601
10125728	ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE SA 552081317 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0123 Surface: 30 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385954, 4.040601
10125729	GROUPEMENT FONCIER AGRICOLE DE MOLVEAU U21544615 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0128 Surface: 6600 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385095, 4.046138
10125730	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0129 Surface: 820 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385062, 4.047523
10125731	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0131 Surface: 540 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.386664, 4.038934
10125732	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0150 Surface: 1250 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384739, 4.047433
10125733	MSF MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES ASS 305009102 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0166 Surface: 748 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385206, 4.043062
10125734	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0182 Surface: 46 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385265, 4.041256
10125735	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0183 Surface: 5 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385876, 4.040331
10125736	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0190 Surface: 10 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384754, 4.040090
10125737	COMMUNE DAUMENANCOURT COM 215100223 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0195 Surface: 7 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384739, 4.040347
10125738	DU MENHIR SCI 439792540 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART NORD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AC0208 Surface: 1711 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385379, 4.039609
10125749	DES BRESILIERES SCI 432263689 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AH0037 Surface: 4895 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.383268, 4.036570
10125752	SCI LE CLAN SCI 810677872 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART SUD	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000AH0070 Surface: 5659 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.382686, 4.037049
10125860	GROUPEMENT FONCIER AGRICOLE DE MOLVEAU U21544615 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZA0048 Surface: 10000 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.380720, 4.039068
10125909	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0001 Surface: 3330 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.388899, 4.039185
10125910	GROUPEMENT FONCIER AGRICOLE DE MOLVEAU U21544615 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0009 Surface: 166590 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.388040, 4.047678
10125911	GROUPEMENT FONCIER AGRICOLE DE MOLVEAU U21544615 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0009 Surface: 166590 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.388040, 4.047678
10125912	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LE CHEMIN DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0011 Surface: 10060 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.384663, 4.055558
10125913	SARAZIN GFA 387664873 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LE CHEMIN DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0021 Surface: 32100 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.386146, 4.061354
10125921	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LE CHEMIN DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0035 Surface: 1914 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.389554, 4.062838
10125922	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LE CHEMIN DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0036 Surface: 670 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.387834, 4.061863
10125923	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0049 Surface: 110 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.387146, 4.039175
10125924	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0052 Surface: 1234 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.386908, 4.040361
10125925	ASSOCIATION FONCIERE DAUMENANCOURT AFR 295100259 @Company @Persons	51025 AUMENANCOURT LA CRAYERE DE PONTGIVART	Department: 51 Parcel Code: 51025000ZI0056 Surface: 5384 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 49.385593, 4.044892

Financial support for this project is provided by Transborder Corruption Archives TBCArchives.org and OCCRP

Investigations using this database:

International:

OCCRP and partners:

Russian Asset Tracker

The Luxury French Real Estate of Alleged Latin American Money Launderers and Officials Accused of Corruption

Russia:

Сен-Жан-Кап-Ферра наш. Как видные россияне заселили один из самых роскошных курортов мира на Лазурном берегу Франции

Ukraine:

ФІРТАШ МАЄ ВИНОРОБНИЙ БІЗНЕС У ФРАНЦІЇ ЗА 7,6 МІЛЬЙОНІВ ЄВРО

Bulgaria:

Топлофикация – Франция: Как шефка на “топлото” в Перник даде 6.5 милиона заем на тъста на Ковачки за вила на Лазурния бряг

Бившият шеф на енергетиката Милко Ковачев с имот в Биариц

Howto: Find the real estate owned by a French company

Do a search by person or UBO or company and locate the persons tagged with Land plots or Premisses. The search operator @realestates yes | @parcels yes in the Persons search will limit the search to those having a land plot or premisses.
Click on @Geotag to locate the land plots on the map. Detailed cadastral information is available in @Locaux/Premises or @Parcelles/Land Plots.
Locate the Department (two digits) the Place, the two letters Section and the four digits Parcel N°. Exemple: AA 0011. This information is also available in the Parcel Code in Geotag. The first 5 digits of the Parcel Code are the post code and the last letters/digits are the Section and Parcel N° (ex: 302580000D0143 means post code 30258 ST GILLES CAVALES and last 5 symbols are the Section D and the parcel N° 143).
Go to https://www.cadastre.gouv.fr/scpc/accueil.do, Select English and click on “Search by cadastral reference instead”.
Fill the place, the post code, select the department number from the drop down menu, fill the Section and the Parcel N° with the three last digits only. Click on Search
If there is a result the system will give a link to show the parcel on the map. You can zoom on the map and match it with Google Maps.