BIRD.BG FRESTATE

Real estate ownership from data.gouv.fr (Nov. 2021), Geocoded data from Koumoul.com, UBO data from inpi.fr. Enter name of country, person, company, siren number, street, city, etc… Click on the number in the results to see the full record. Click on the person or company name to see all the records for this person/company. You can also do partial searches with the * joker. Example: @Nom_Patronymique *ov @realestates yes | @parcels yes returns the people having family names ending at OV, who are linked to companies who owns premisses or land plots in France. The Geotag search locates the land plots, but not the real estate like flats. A list of persons of interest with questionable wealth has been established by investigative journalists team and can be seen here.

Persons: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Nom_Greffe @Numero_Gestion @Siren @Type @Nom_Patronymique @Nom_Usage @Pseudonyme @Prenoms @Denomination @Forme_Juridique @Adresse_Ligne1 @Adresse_Ligne2 @Adresse_Ligne3 @Ville @Code_Commune @Pays @Date_Naissance @Ville_Naissance @Pays_Naissance @Nationalite @Qualite @Rep_Perm_Nom @Rep_Perm_Nom_Usage @Rep_Perm_Prénoms @Rep_Perm_Date_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Ville_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Pays_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Nationalité @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne1 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne2 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne3 @Rep_Perm_Ville @Rep_Perm_Pays @date_greffe @Libelle_Evt @filename @department @rep_date @realestates @parcels @ubo @poi @vip
Premisses: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @batiment_identification_du_local @entree_identification_du_local @niveau_identification_du_local @porte_identification_du_local @ndeg_voirie_adresse_du_local @indice_de_repetition_adresse_du_local @code_voie_majic_adresse_du_local @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_du_local @nature_voie_adresse_du_local @nom_voie_adresse_du_local @code_droit_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_du_local @groupe_personne_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_du_local @denomination_proprietaires_du_local @poi @vip
Parcels: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @ndeg_de_voirie_adresse_parcelle @indice_de_repetition_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_majic_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_parcelle @nature_voie_adresse_parcelle @nom_voie_adresse_parcelle @contenance_caracteristiques_parcelle @suf_evaluation_suf @nature_culture_evaluation_suf @contenance_evaluation_suf @code_droit_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_parcelle @groupe_personne_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_parcelle @denomination_proprietaires_parcelle @realestates @parcels @vip
Geoloc: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Departement @Code Commune @Nom Commune @Adresse @Code parcelle @Code voie rivoli @SUF @Nature culture @Code droit @NMAJIC @NSIREN @Groupe personne @Forme juridique abregee @Denomination @vip

Countries: 1941-10-03 1952-02-25 1954-06-25 1961-10-08 1975-08-27 1977-01-13 1986-03-16 32400 Riscle ABU DHABI AFGHANISTAN AFRIQUE Afrique du Sud Albanie Algerie Allemagne Andorre Angleterre ANGOLA ANGUILLA ANTIGUA ET BARBUDA Antigua-Et-Barbuda ANTILLE NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES (C APATRIDE ARABIE SAOUDITE Argentine Arménie AUSTRALIE AUTRES PAYS Autriche AZERBAIDJAN Bahamas Bahreïn Bangladesh BARBADE BELARUS Belgique Belize BELIZE (Ex HONDURAS BRITA BENIN Bermudes BIELORUSSIE BOLIVIE Bosnie-Herzegovine Botswana Brésil Brésilienne Brunei BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Bulgarie BURKINA Burkina Faso Burundi CAIMANES (ILES) CAIMANS (ILES) Cambodge CAMBODGE (Ex KAMPUCHEA) Cameroun Canada CAP-VERT Centrafricaine (Republiqu CHILI Chine Chypre Colombie Comores Congo CONGO BRAZZAVILLE (REPUBL CONGO KINSHASA (REPUBLIQU Congo-Kinshasa (Rép. Démo COREE (REP. POP. DEMOCRAT COREE (REPUBLIQUE DE) Corée du Nord COREE DU NORD (REPUBLIQUE Corée du Sud COREE DU SUD (REPUBLIQUE COSTA RICA COTE D'IVOIRE Croatie Cuba Danemark Djibouti DOMINICAINE (REPUBLIQUE) DOMINIQUE DUBAI Egypte EL SALVADOR Emirats arabes unis EQUATEUR Espagne ESTONIE Etats Unis D'Amerique Etats-Unis Etats-Unis d'Amérique Ethiopie Fidji Finlande France FRANCE METROPOLITAINE Gabon Gambie GEORGIE Ghana GIBRALTAR GRECE Grenade GUADELOUPE GUADELOUPE (DEPARTEMENT) GUATEMALA Guinee GUINEE EQUATORIALE GUINEE-BISSAU Guyana GUYANE FRANÇAISE HAITI HONDURAS Hong Kong Hong-Kong HONGRIE ILE DE MAN ILE MAURICE ILES MINEURES ELOIGNEES D ILES SALOMON Iles Vierges (Britaniques ILES VIERGES (BRITANNIQUE ILES VIERGES (USA) ILES VIERGES BRITANNIQUES ILES WALLIS ET FUTUNA Inconnu INCONNU (NE PAS AFFICHER) Inde Indonésie IRAK Iran Iraq Irlande IRLANDE, OU EIRE Islande Israël Italie Jamaïque Japon Jersey Jordanie Kazakhstan Kenya Kirghizistan Kosovo Koweït LA REUNION Laos LAOS (REP. DEMOCRATIQUE P LAOS (RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRAT Lesotho Lettonie LIBAN LIBERIA Libye Liechtenstein LITUANIE londres Luxembourg MACAO MACEDOINE Madagascar MALAISIE MALDIVES MALI Malte Mariannes du Nord (îles) Maroc Marshall (Iles) MARTINIQUE MARTINIQUE (DEPARTEMENT) Maurice Mauritanie MAYOTTE Mexique Moldavie MOLDAVIE (REPUBLIQUE DE) MOLDOVA (REPUBLIQUE DE) MONACO Mongolie MONTENEGRO MONTENEGRO (REPUBLIQUE) Mozambique MYANMAR MYANMAR (Ex BIRMANIE) Namibie NEPAL NICARAGUA Niger NIGERIA NORVEGE NOUVELLE CALEDONIE Nouvelle Zelande NOUVELLE-CALEDONIE Nouvelle-Zélande OMAN Ouganda Ouzbekistan PAKISTAN Palestine Panama Paraguay PAYS BAS PAYS-BAS Pérou PHILIPPINES Pologne POLYNESIE FRANCAISE PORTO RICO Portugal Qatar République centrafricaine Republique Democratique C République démocratique d République dominicaine REPUBLIQUE DU CAP VERT REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO REPUBLIQUE SLOVAQUE République Tchèque REUNION (DEPARTEMENT) ROUMANIE ROYAUME UNI Royaume-Uni Russie RUSSIE (FEDERATION DE) RWANDA SAINT-BARTHELEMY Saint-Christophe-et-Niévè Saint-Marin SAINT-VINCENT ET GRENADIN SAINT-VINCENT-ET-LES-GREN SAINTE HELENE SAINTE-LUCIE SÉNÉGAL SERBIE SERBIE DE (REPUBLIQUE) SERBIE ET MONTENEGRO Serbie-Et-Monténégro Seychelles SEYCHELLES ET DEPENDANCES SHARJAH SIERRA LEONE Singapour SLOVAQUIE Slovénie Somalie SOUDAN SRI LANKA Suède Suisse Swaziland SYRIE SYRIENNE (REPUBLIQUE ARAB Tadjikistan Taiwan Taïwan (province de Chine Tanzanie Tchad Tchécoslovaquie Tcheque (Republique) TCHEQUIE Thaïlande TIMOR ORIENTAL Togo Trinite Et Tobago TRINITE-ET-TOBAGO Tunisie Turkmenistan Turquie U.R.S.S. UKRAINE UNION EUROPEENNE URSS Uruguay US Vanuatu VANUATU (ANC NLLES HEBRID VATICAN (SAINT-SIEGE) Venezuela VIERGES BRITANNIQUES (ILE Viêt Nam VIETNAM Yemen YOUGOSLAVIE ZAIRE ZAMBIE Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE (Ex RHODESIE)

UBO Citizenships: -AFGHANEALBANAISEALGERIENNEALLEMANDALLEMANDEAMERICAINEAMERICAINE (ETATS UNIS)ANDORRANEANGLAISANGLAISEAPATRIDEARGENTINEARMENIENNEAUSTRALIENNEAUTRICHIENNEAZERBAIDJANAISEBAHREINIENNEBELGEBENINOISEBIELORUSSEBosniaqueBRESILIENNEBRITANIQUEBRITANNIQUEBULGARECAMBODGIENNECAMEROUNAISECANADIENNECentrafricaineChilienneChinoiseCHYPRIOTECOLOMBIENNECOMORIENNECONGOLAISECoreenneCOSTARICAINECroateDANOISEdes Émirats arabes unisdu BruneiEGYPTIENNEEMIRIENNEEQUATORIENNEESPAGNOLEESTONIENNEFFANCAISEFinlandaiseFRAFRANCAISFRANCAISEFRANCAISE ET SUISSEFRANCAISE/BRITANNIQUEGRECQUEHAITIENNEHOLLANDAISEHONG KONGHong-KongHONGROISEIndienneINDONESIENNEIRANIENNEIRLANDAISEIslandaiseISRAELIENNEITALIENNEIVOIRIENNEJaponaiseJORDANIENNEKazakheKOWEITIENNELIBANAISELibyenneLITUANIENNELUXLUXEMBOURGEOISEMALAISIENNEMalgacheMALIENNEMALTAISEMAROCAINEMAURICIENNEMEXICAINEMOLDAVEMonégasqueMONGOLENEERLANDAISNEERLANDAISEnéo ZélandaiseNEW-ZELANDAISNORVEGIENNEPAKISTANAISEPANAMEENNEPHILIPPINEPOLONAISEPortugaiseQATARIENNEROUMAINERusseSAOUDIENNESénégalaiseSERBESINGAPOURIENNESIUSSESLOVAQUESRI-LANKAISESud-AfricaineSUD-COREENNESUEDOISESUISSESyrienneTADJIKETAIWANAISTBCTCHEQUETHAILANDAISETOGOLAISETrinidadienneTUNISIENNETURQUEUKRAINIENNEVENEZUELIENNEVietnamienneYéméniteYOUGOSLAVE

The search 64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE found 39 results

#	Company	Address	REF Geotag
13225111	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0067 Surface: 597 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225091, -0.892184
13225112	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0070 Surface: 1385 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225677, -0.892933
13225113	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0071 Surface: 500 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225980, -0.893706
13225114	COUARTOU S C I SCI U16227030 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0080 Surface: 25 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224868, -0.891488
13225116	COUARTOU S C I SCI U16227030 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0084 Surface: 56 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224845, -0.891608
13225117	COUARTOU S C I SCI U16227030 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0086 Surface: 2037 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225041, -0.891882
13225120	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0117 Surface: 60 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.227622, -0.885088
13225121	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0118 Surface: 6 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.227580, -0.885030
13225122	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0124 Surface: 707 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224149, -0.891120
13225123	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0125 Surface: 210 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224692, -0.890582
13225126	ANGUINES SCI 794194613 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0138 Surface: 10 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224175, -0.890751
13225127	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0139 Surface: 84 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224129, -0.890754
13225132	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0143 Surface: 1560 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224651, -0.890548
13225133	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0144 Surface: 142 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.223899, -0.891668
13225134	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0153 Surface: 409 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224074, -0.891783
13225135	CLOTILDE DELMAS SCI 399511146 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0157 Surface: 28 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224428, -0.891830
13225136	CLOTILDE DELMAS SCI 399511146 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0158 Surface: 1261 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224617, -0.892188
13225138	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0166 Surface: 220 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224650, -0.890079
13225139	MENDIKOA SCA 782367569 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0169 Surface: 58 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224696, -0.889959
13225140	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0171 Surface: 1040 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226192, -0.887361
13225144	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0187 Surface: 8 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224357, -0.891669
13225145	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0189 Surface: 31 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224271, -0.891823
13225146	CA DU PAYS BASQUE COAG 200067106 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0191 Surface: 196 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225391, -0.888693
13225147	COMMUNAUTE DE COMMUNES DE SOULE XIBEROA CCOM 246401764 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0191 Surface: 196 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225391, -0.888693
13225148	SNA SCI 483562641 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0196 Surface: 935 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225885, -0.888526
13225149	LOPES RIBEIRO SCI 500595533 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0197 Surface: 559 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226099, -0.888108
13225150	CA DU PAYS BASQUE COAG 200067106 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0200 Surface: 83 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226697, -0.887170
13225151	COMMUNAUTE DE COMMUNES DE SOULE XIBEROA CCOM 246401764 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0200 Surface: 83 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226697, -0.887170
13225152	CA DU PAYS BASQUE COAG 200067106 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0205 Surface: 439 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.227252, -0.885639
13225153	COMMUNAUTE DE COMMUNES DE SOULE XIBEROA CCOM 246401764 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0205 Surface: 439 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.227252, -0.885639
13225154	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0219 Surface: 28 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224419, -0.891558
13225155	DEPARTEMENT DES PYRENEES ATLANTIQUES DEPT 226400018 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0220 Surface: 16 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224241, -0.891921
13225156	CLOTILDE DELMAS SCI 399511146 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0221 Surface: 461 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.224372, -0.891907
13225159	LAPLACE SARL 499084861 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0228 Surface: 1219 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226324, -0.887666
13225160	LOPES RIBEIRO SCI 500595533 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0229 Surface: 18 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226170, -0.887966
13225161	CA DU PAYS BASQUE COAG 200067106 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0231 Surface: 4773 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226845, -0.886220
13225162	COMMUNAUTE DE COMMUNES DE SOULE XIBEROA CCOM 246401764 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0231 Surface: 4773 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.226845, -0.886220
13225171	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0249 Surface: 1391 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225580, -0.888644
13225172	COMMUNE DE MAULEON LICHARRE COM 216403717 @Company @Persons	64371 MAULEON LICHARRE LA GARE	Department: 64 Parcel Code: 64371000AI0250 Surface: 28 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.225587, -0.888787

Financial support for this project is provided by Transborder Corruption Archives TBCArchives.org and OCCRP

Investigations using this database:

International:

OCCRP and partners:

Russian Asset Tracker

The Luxury French Real Estate of Alleged Latin American Money Launderers and Officials Accused of Corruption

Russia:

Сен-Жан-Кап-Ферра наш. Как видные россияне заселили один из самых роскошных курортов мира на Лазурном берегу Франции

Ukraine:

ФІРТАШ МАЄ ВИНОРОБНИЙ БІЗНЕС У ФРАНЦІЇ ЗА 7,6 МІЛЬЙОНІВ ЄВРО

Bulgaria:

Топлофикация – Франция: Как шефка на “топлото” в Перник даде 6.5 милиона заем на тъста на Ковачки за вила на Лазурния бряг

Бившият шеф на енергетиката Милко Ковачев с имот в Биариц

Howto: Find the real estate owned by a French company

Do a search by person or UBO or company and locate the persons tagged with Land plots or Premisses. The search operator @realestates yes | @parcels yes in the Persons search will limit the search to those having a land plot or premisses.
Click on @Geotag to locate the land plots on the map. Detailed cadastral information is available in @Locaux/Premises or @Parcelles/Land Plots.
Locate the Department (two digits) the Place, the two letters Section and the four digits Parcel N°. Exemple: AA 0011. This information is also available in the Parcel Code in Geotag. The first 5 digits of the Parcel Code are the post code and the last letters/digits are the Section and Parcel N° (ex: 302580000D0143 means post code 30258 ST GILLES CAVALES and last 5 symbols are the Section D and the parcel N° 143).
Go to https://www.cadastre.gouv.fr/scpc/accueil.do, Select English and click on “Search by cadastral reference instead”.
Fill the place, the post code, select the department number from the drop down menu, fill the Section and the Parcel N° with the three last digits only. Click on Search
If there is a result the system will give a link to show the parcel on the map. You can zoom on the map and match it with Google Maps.