BIRD.BG FRESTATE

Real estate ownership from data.gouv.fr (Nov. 2021), Geocoded data from Koumoul.com, UBO data from inpi.fr. Enter name of country, person, company, siren number, street, city, etc… Click on the number in the results to see the full record. Click on the person or company name to see all the records for this person/company. You can also do partial searches with the * joker. Example: @Nom_Patronymique *ov @realestates yes | @parcels yes returns the people having family names ending at OV, who are linked to companies who owns premisses or land plots in France. The Geotag search locates the land plots, but not the real estate like flats. A list of persons of interest with questionable wealth has been established by investigative journalists team and can be seen here.

Persons: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Nom_Greffe @Numero_Gestion @Siren @Type @Nom_Patronymique @Nom_Usage @Pseudonyme @Prenoms @Denomination @Forme_Juridique @Adresse_Ligne1 @Adresse_Ligne2 @Adresse_Ligne3 @Ville @Code_Commune @Pays @Date_Naissance @Ville_Naissance @Pays_Naissance @Nationalite @Qualite @Rep_Perm_Nom @Rep_Perm_Nom_Usage @Rep_Perm_Prénoms @Rep_Perm_Date_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Ville_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Pays_Naissance @Rep_Perm_Nationalité @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne1 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne2 @Rep_Perm_Adr_Ligne3 @Rep_Perm_Ville @Rep_Perm_Pays @date_greffe @Libelle_Evt @filename @department @rep_date @realestates @parcels @ubo @poi @vip
Premisses: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @batiment_identification_du_local @entree_identification_du_local @niveau_identification_du_local @porte_identification_du_local @ndeg_voirie_adresse_du_local @indice_de_repetition_adresse_du_local @code_voie_majic_adresse_du_local @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_du_local @nature_voie_adresse_du_local @nom_voie_adresse_du_local @code_droit_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_du_local @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_du_local @groupe_personne_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_proprietaires_du_local @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_du_local @denomination_proprietaires_du_local @poi @vip
Parcels: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @filename @departement_champ_geographique @code_direction_champ_geographique @code_commune_champ_geographique @nom_commune_champ_geographique @prefixe_references_cadastrales @section_references_cadastrales @ndeg_plan_references_cadastrales @ndeg_de_voirie_adresse_parcelle @indice_de_repetition_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_majic_adresse_parcelle @code_voie_rivoli_adresse_parcelle @nature_voie_adresse_parcelle @nom_voie_adresse_parcelle @contenance_caracteristiques_parcelle @suf_evaluation_suf @nature_culture_evaluation_suf @contenance_evaluation_suf @code_droit_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_majic_proprietaires_parcelle @ndeg_siren_proprietaires_parcelle @groupe_personne_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_proprietaires_parcelle @forme_juridique_abregee_proprietaires_parcelle @denomination_proprietaires_parcelle @realestates @parcels @vip
Geoloc: Free text search by name, company, institution, place, etc. The search can be limited to include only the available fields Ex: @name Ivan will search for Ivan only in the field name. For exact phrases search include the text in quotes ex: "Ivan Ivanov" Available fields: @Departement @Code Commune @Nom Commune @Adresse @Code parcelle @Code voie rivoli @SUF @Nature culture @Code droit @NMAJIC @NSIREN @Groupe personne @Forme juridique abregee @Denomination @vip

Countries:

UBO Citizenships: -AFGHANEALBANAISEALGERIENNEALLEMANDALLEMANDEAMERICAINEAMERICAINE (ETATS UNIS)ANDORRANEANGLAISANGLAISEAPATRIDEARGENTINEARMENIENNEAUSTRALIENNEAUTRICHIENNEAZERBAIDJANAISEBAHREINIENNEBELGEBENINOISEBIELORUSSEBosniaqueBRESILIENNEBRITANIQUEBRITANNIQUEBULGARECAMBODGIENNECAMEROUNAISECANADIENNECentrafricaineChilienneChinoiseCHYPRIOTECOLOMBIENNECOMORIENNECONGOLAISECoreenneCOSTARICAINECroateDANOISEdes Émirats arabes unisdu BruneiEGYPTIENNEEMIRIENNEEQUATORIENNEESPAGNOLEESTONIENNEFFANCAISEFinlandaiseFRAFRANCAISFRANCAISEFRANCAISE ET SUISSEFRANCAISE/BRITANNIQUEGRECQUEHAITIENNEHOLLANDAISEHONG KONGHong-KongHONGROISEIndienneINDONESIENNEIRANIENNEIRLANDAISEIslandaiseISRAELIENNEITALIENNEIVOIRIENNEJaponaiseJORDANIENNEKazakheKOWEITIENNELIBANAISELibyenneLITUANIENNELUXLUXEMBOURGEOISEMALAISIENNEMalgacheMALIENNEMALTAISEMAROCAINEMAURICIENNEMEXICAINEMOLDAVEMonégasqueMONGOLENEERLANDAISNEERLANDAISEnéo ZélandaiseNEW-ZELANDAISNORVEGIENNEPAKISTANAISEPANAMEENNEPHILIPPINEPOLONAISEPortugaiseQATARIENNEROUMAINERusseSAOUDIENNESénégalaiseSERBESINGAPOURIENNESIUSSESLOVAQUESRI-LANKAISESud-AfricaineSUD-COREENNESUEDOISESUISSESyrienneTADJIKETAIWANAISTBCTCHEQUETHAILANDAISETOGOLAISETrinidadienneTUNISIENNETURQUEUKRAINIENNEVENEZUELIENNEVietnamienneYéméniteYOUGOSLAVE

The search COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 found 64 results

#	Company	Address	REF Geotag
8185492	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40110 GEAUNE LAS MOULIATTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40110000AD0023 Surface: 4903 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.637929, -0.376203
8330216	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS POUREOU	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0012 Surface: 1213 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.653840, -0.318471
8330217	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS POUREOU	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0027 Surface: 599 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.651688, -0.316824
8330218	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BARRERE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0088 Surface: 1730 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.647213, -0.326826
8330219	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BARRERE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0093 Surface: 3023 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.644560, -0.323647
8330220	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BARRERE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0095 Surface: 19480 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.644239, -0.323934
8330221	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BARRERE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0116 Surface: 396 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.638954, -0.323145
8330222	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LOU SABATHE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0147 Surface: 40690 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.653501, -0.330743
8330223	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LOU SABATHE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0337 Surface: 498 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.652309, -0.328716
8330224	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LOU SABATHE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000A0337 Surface: 498 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.652309, -0.328716
8330228	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0103 Surface: 783 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634182, -0.331226
8330229	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0045, RTE DE MAURIES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0114 Surface: 1362 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634343, -0.329858
8330234	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0291 Surface: 708 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633933, -0.330340
8330235	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0302 Surface: 342 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634512, -0.331293
8330236	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0321 Surface: 190 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634293, -0.331365
8330237	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0323 Surface: 47 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634129, -0.331395
8330238	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0325 Surface: 133 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634015, -0.331150
8330239	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0328 Surface: 5660 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634410, -0.330791
8330240	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0328 Surface: 5660 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634410, -0.330791
8330241	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0329 Surface: 155 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633874, -0.330314
8330242	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0331 Surface: 41 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633884, -0.330124
8330247	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0348 Surface: 150 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633885, -0.330489
8330248	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0350 Surface: 280 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633806, -0.330272
8330249	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0364 Surface: 1832 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633544, -0.330280
8330251	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0377 Surface: 1199 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.632605, -0.329869
8330252	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BEDOURETS	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0378 Surface: 107 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633391, -0.329971
8330253	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0020, IMP DU BEDOURET	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000C0400 Surface: 4699 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.633597, -0.329611
8330256	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0248 Surface: 6460 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.637673, -0.328356
8330257	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0265 Surface: 1897 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635215, -0.329759
8330258	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0265 Surface: 1897 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635215, -0.329759
8330259	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0266 Surface: 1796 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634857, -0.330075
8330260	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0267 Surface: 281 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634860, -0.330101
8330263	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BLANCOTTE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0403 Surface: 192 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.642494, -0.344975
8330264	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BLANCOTTE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0415 Surface: 373 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.644121, -0.346532
8330290	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS BLANCOTTE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0832 Surface: 168 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.644478, -0.345823
8330300	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0842 Surface: 1829 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636437, -0.325733
8330302	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS GUICHOT	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0846 Surface: 12 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.651892, -0.338992
8330303	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS GUICHOT	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0848 Surface: 29 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.651838, -0.339110
8330308	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0855 Surface: 378 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.634914, -0.330283
8330309	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0872 Surface: 923 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636845, -0.325223
8330310	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0878 Surface: 77 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636690, -0.325681
8330311	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0164, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0885 Surface: 765 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635431, -0.328778
8330312	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0160, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0886 Surface: 768 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635686, -0.328895
8330313	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0138, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0887 Surface: 731 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635893, -0.328960
8330314	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0110, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0888 Surface: 735 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636045, -0.328671
8330315	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0106, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0889 Surface: 735 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636144, -0.328194
8330316	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0100, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0890 Surface: 727 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.636203, -0.327879
8330317	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0042, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0891 Surface: 781 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635770, -0.327532
8330318	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0041, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0892 Surface: 825 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635647, -0.327931
8330319	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0171, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0893 Surface: 811 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635552, -0.328295
8330320	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0167, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0894 Surface: 828 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635790, -0.328438
8330321	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS 0045, LOT DES PAQUERETTES	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0895 Surface: 827 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635895, -0.328111
8330322	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS L EGLISE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 403050000D0896 Surface: 3746 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.635838, -0.328158
8330323	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS GUICHOT EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZA0003 Surface: 690 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.653509, -0.334638
8330324	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS GUICHOT EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZA0009 Surface: 720 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.650116, -0.337635
8330329	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS CAMPISTON EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0013 Surface: 1110 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.646641, -0.358049
8330341	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS MARCUSSE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0041 Surface: 2310 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.644472, -0.356950
8330352	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS CAMPISTON EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0064 Surface: 1412 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.647627, -0.351879
8330353	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS CAMPISTON EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0066 Surface: 505 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.648037, -0.352083
8330355	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS CAMPISTON EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0068 Surface: 1947 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.647026, -0.353747
8330356	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS CAMPISTON EST	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZB0069 Surface: 120 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.647987, -0.351936
8330364	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LANDES DE PELAUZE	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZD0001 Surface: 21067 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.647750, -0.306669
8330366	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LANDES DU CHEMIN DE SAINT	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZD0012 Surface: 17259 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.642183, -0.305940
8330367	COMMUNE DE SORBETS COM 214003055 @Company @Persons	40305 SORBETS LANDES DU CHEMIN DE SAINT	Department: 40 Parcel Code: 40305000ZE0001 Surface: 30315 Location: Zoom Google Maps: 43.637943, -0.303810

Financial support for this project is provided by Transborder Corruption Archives TBCArchives.org and OCCRP

Investigations using this database:

International:

OCCRP and partners:

Russian Asset Tracker

The Luxury French Real Estate of Alleged Latin American Money Launderers and Officials Accused of Corruption

Russia:

Сен-Жан-Кап-Ферра наш. Как видные россияне заселили один из самых роскошных курортов мира на Лазурном берегу Франции

Ukraine:

ФІРТАШ МАЄ ВИНОРОБНИЙ БІЗНЕС У ФРАНЦІЇ ЗА 7,6 МІЛЬЙОНІВ ЄВРО

Bulgaria:

Топлофикация – Франция: Как шефка на “топлото” в Перник даде 6.5 милиона заем на тъста на Ковачки за вила на Лазурния бряг

Бившият шеф на енергетиката Милко Ковачев с имот в Биариц

Howto: Find the real estate owned by a French company

Do a search by person or UBO or company and locate the persons tagged with Land plots or Premisses. The search operator @realestates yes | @parcels yes in the Persons search will limit the search to those having a land plot or premisses.
Click on @Geotag to locate the land plots on the map. Detailed cadastral information is available in @Locaux/Premises or @Parcelles/Land Plots.
Locate the Department (two digits) the Place, the two letters Section and the four digits Parcel N°. Exemple: AA 0011. This information is also available in the Parcel Code in Geotag. The first 5 digits of the Parcel Code are the post code and the last letters/digits are the Section and Parcel N° (ex: 302580000D0143 means post code 30258 ST GILLES CAVALES and last 5 symbols are the Section D and the parcel N° 143).
Go to https://www.cadastre.gouv.fr/scpc/accueil.do, Select English and click on “Search by cadastral reference instead”.
Fill the place, the post code, select the department number from the drop down menu, fill the Section and the Parcel N° with the three last digits only. Click on Search
If there is a result the system will give a link to show the parcel on the map. You can zoom on the map and match it with Google Maps.